What Are the Early Signs of Age-Related Macular Degeneration?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of vision loss among senior adults. The disease affects the central vision, reducing the sufferer’s ability to see things in fine detail. AMD specifically affects the macula, a part of the retina. It does not have symptoms in the early stages, and most people may not realize they have the condition. As it advances, patients often lose the ability to see faces, drive, and read small print.

Types and Causes of AMD

There are two types of macular degeneration, Dry and Wet AMD, and they have different causes. Dry AMD is the most common type, affecting 80% of those with the disease. The exact cause is unclear, but eye specialists suspect genetic and environmental factors play a role.

Dry AMD results from a breakdown of the light-sensitive macular cells, a vital membrane in the retina. It often affects one eye at a time and is usually gradual. Wet AMD is less common and causes more severe vision loss. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels become enlarged and leak behind the retina.

Early Signs of Macular Degeneration

People experience different symptoms of AMD depending on the type and other health factors. Signs include:

• Fuzzy or blurry vision

• Straight lines look wavy

• Blind spots or dark areas in the center of the vision

• Loss of central vision

• Difficulty with close-up tasks or driving

• Presence of yellow deposits in the retina

Doctors can ascertain early signs of macular degeneration during eye exams. It is important to realize that symptoms of AMD can be similar to those of other eye conditions.

Risk Factors for AMD

There are risk factors that can contribute to developing AMD. They include being 50 years or older and having a family history of the disease. Age is a risk factor for AMD as the eyes change over the course of a person’s life.

High blood pressure, hypertension, and high cholesterol can increase the risk of developing AMD and other eye conditions. Smoking, being overweight, and consuming a diet high in saturated fats are risk factors.

Diagnosing Macular Degeneration

Damage from AMD is irreversible. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the risk of complications. To diagnose AMD, eye doctors evaluate the patient’s medical history and conduct several tests, including:

• A visual acuity test that measures vision at various distances

• Pupil dilation that allows doctors to have a clear view of the retina

• Amsler grid tests that detect Wet AMD by checking if straight lines appear wavy

• Fluorescein angiography that involves injecting a special dye into a vein

Treating Macular Degeneration

Dry AMD has no cure, but management and treatment can help patients adjust to low vision. Treatment for Wet AMD depends on various factors, including the patient’s age, overall health, and eye condition.

Doctors will assess the nature and severity to determine the best treatment. Other factors include the patient’s tolerance for certain medications and therapies. Treatment options include injection of anti-VEGF agents to reduce the effects of leaking blood vessels and laser photocoagulation. AMD can lead to severe central vision loss, making it difficult to perform many activities. Scheduling regular eye exams can help to protect your vision and eye health.

For more on the early signs of age-related macular degeneration, visit Blue Hills Eye Associates at our office in Braintree, Massachusetts. Call (781) 794-2200 to book an appointment today.